These premium antibodies are lab-validated using strict testing criteria to ensure superior performance in western blotting detection. PrecisionAb Validated Western Blotting Antibodies.Loading buffers for protein or nucleic acid samples, detergents, ampholytes, and gel-casting buffers.įrom basic to high-voltage capacity, our power supplies provide simple programming in a compact, stackable case. Protein Electrophoresis Buffers and Reagents.Our electrophoresis chambers enable rapid, high-resolution protein separation on precast or handcast gels over a variety of different gel sizes. Choose SDS-PAGE and native PAGE gels, convert to TGX Precast Gels, or choose specialized gel chemistries. Prestained and unstained molecular weight standards for protein electrophoresis applications including SDS-PAGE, western blotting, 2-D PAGE, and isoelectric focusing (IEF).įind the right Bio-Rad protein gel for your application. Protein Ladders and Standards (Markers).Note: Only high-quality, analytical grade methanol should be used in transfer buffer impure methanol can increase transfer buffer conductivity and result in poor transfer.

All of these factors will affect blotting efficiency. Alcohol may cause a reduction in pore size, precipitation of some protein, and some basic proteins to become positively charged or neutral. Addition of SDS increases the relative current, power, and heating during transfer and may affect the antigenicity of some proteins.Īlcohol (methanol or ethanol), on the other hand, removes the SDS from SDS-protein complexes and improves the binding of protein to nitrocellulose membrane but has some negative effects on the gel itself. SDS in the transfer buffer decreases the binding efficiency of protein to nitrocellulose membrane PVDF membrane can be substituted for nitrocellulose when SDS is used in the transfer buffer. In cases where certain proteins are difficult to elute from the gel, SDS may be added to the transfer buffer to improve transfer. SDS in the gel and in the SDS-protein complexes promotes elution of the protein from the gel but inhibits binding of the protein to membranes. SDS and alcohol play opposing roles in a transfer. *Towbin buffer may be used for protein sequencing but extra care must be exercised to rinse Tris and glycine from the membrane after transfer Towbin with or without SDS, CAPS, carbonate, Bjerrum Schafer-Nielsen nondenaturing gels Tank blotting, semi-dry blotting, or rapid semi-dry blottingīasic proteins (pI >9) in native or nondenaturing gels Tank or rapid semi-dry blotting recommended pH of buffer may be criticalīasic proteins (pI >9) in denaturing gels Tank or rapid semi-dry blotting recommended needs high-capacity, small pore-size membrane pH of buffer may be critical General guidelines for transfer buffer and membrane selection by application. Tank blotting or semi-dry blotting use acid-gel transfer protocol (membrane toward cathode) Protein Blotting Guide (PDF 7.2 MB) Details on blotting technology, methods, products, tips, techniques, and troubleshooting guidelines. Tank blotting recommended temperature regulation may be needed to maintain activity Tips, Techniques, and Technologies from the Western Blotting Experts at Bio-Rad Laboratories. Tank blotting recommended needs high-capacity, small pore-size membrane pH of buffer may be criticalĭepends on pH of gel buffer and pI of protein of interest Western blot of a comparison Laser capture microdissection and proteomics 111. Nitrocellulose, supported nitrocellulose, or PVDF preparation and electrophoresis Sample lysis buffer was based on the urea. Nitrocellulose, supported nitrocellulose, or PVDF (0.45 or 0.2 µm) Towbin with or without SDS, CAPS, carbonate, Bjerrum Schafer-Nielsen General guidelines for transfer buffer and membrane selection by gel type. When using acetic acid for transfer, the proteins will be positively charged, so the membrane should be placed on the cathode side of the gel. Gels for isoelectric focusing, native PAGE, and those containing basic proteins or acid-urea may be transferred in 0.7% acetic acid. Proteins in native gels, as well as acidic and neutral proteins, require buffers that do not contain methanol. Use a more basic or acidic buffer to increase protein mobility If the pI of the protein is close to the pH of the transfer buffer, the migration of the protein out of the gel is decreased.If the pI of the protein is greater than the pH of the transfer buffer, the protein carries a positive charge and will migrate toward the negative electrode.The mobility of proteins during electrophoretic transfer from native gels will depend on the size and pI of the protein of interest relative to the pH of the buffer used.

Bio rad western blot gel preparation